Characterization of Acinetobacter species, contributors to infections in Cuban hospitals

Abstract

Introduction: Acinetobacter spp. is a relevant pathogen in Cuba. The Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex is the main cause of severe infections. It is frequently isolated in intensive care units (ICU) and exhibits high resistance to most available antibiotics, including carbapenems.

Objective: To characterize the Acinetobacter isolates collected from patients admitted to Cuban hospitals.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the Healthcare-Associated Infections Laboratory of “Pedro Kourí” Tropical Medicine Institute. The study included 278 isolates from 21 hospitals located in 9 provinces, stored from June 2011 to July 2012 in the culture collection of the laboratory. Species identification was based on biochemical tests and the susceptibility to 18 antibiotics was determined by the Bauer-Kirby method, except for colistin, for which the E-test (epsilometric method) was used. The variables under analysis were: Acinetobacter species, type of sample, type of healthcare service, antimicrobial susceptibility, and antimicrobial multi-resistance categorization.

Results: Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex prevailed, mainly in endotracheal fluid and blood samples. The ICU and the burn unit were the most affected healthcare services. High resistance percentages were observed to beta-lactams (76-94%), aminoglycosides (66-80%), and fluoroquinolones (60-89%). Tetracycline, doxycycline, and colistin were the most active antimicrobials. Multi-drug-resistance was observed in 73.5% of isolates, extensively-drug-resistance in 26.1%, and pan-drug-resistance in one isolate (0.4%).

Conclusions: Infections by Acinetobacter spp. constitute a serious health problem in the Cuban hospitals. High resistance to available antibiotics characterizes the isolates, which evidences the need to constantly monitor antimicrobial susceptibility and to reinforce the control measures, mainly in the ICUs.