Identification of Leishmania species by real time PCR coupled with high resolution melting curve analysis

Abstract

Introduction: Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania. Ten pathogenic species have been reported in Colombia. Traditional parasite diagnosis based on observation of the parasites does not make it possible to identify the species. Therefore, it is necessary to use molecular methods, among them conventional polymerase chain reaction or PCR, but this test presents some limitations and requires long periods of time to obtain results which sometimes are not conclusive.

Objective: Evaluate a method based on real time PCR coupled with high resolution mean denaturalization temperature curve analysis (HRM-PCR) for the diagnosis and simultaneous identification of parasites of the genus Leishmania in clinical samples from humans and in vitro cultures in a sensitive and specific manner.

Methods: Standardization was performed of an HRM-PCR with which 237 clinical samples were evaluated, 98 classified as positive and 139 as negative, by direct parasitological examination and/or culture. The typing obtained was compared with parallel results from a PCR variant, making cuts on the amplicon that generated a restriction fragment length polymorphism or PCR-RFLP previously standardized.

Results: An HRM-PCR could be implemented for the diagnosis and identification of Leishmania species, achieving 100% concordance with the typing obtained by PCR-RFLP. It was even possible to detect and identify the parasite in samples diagnosed as negative by conventional methods. Of the total 98 samples, 91 could be typed with a percentage of reliability above 95%. Of these, 81.63% of the cases were L. panamensis, 11.22% were L. braziliensis and 7.14 % were indeterminate.

Conclusions: HRM-PCR is a good method to identify the species most prevalent in Colombia, comparing specific mean denaturalization temperatures according to the Leishmania species involved.