Bordetella pertussis antitoxin immunity in patients from a pediatric hospital in Havana
Keywords:
Bordetella pertussis, IgG anti toxina pertussis, seroprevalenciaAbstract
Introduction: In Cuba, whooping cough is considered eliminated, but occasionally cases that mimic it are reported. Objective: To determine the seroprevalence of protective antibodies against Bordetella pertussis toxin (TP) in children between 5 and 18 years of age in a pediatric hospital in Havana and its association with age. Methods: Cross-sectional study in which all children aged 5-18 years who underwent a blood draw for complementary examinations were included (November 2021 - March 2022). The sample was made up of 239 children: 77 aged 5-9, 83 aged 10-14 and 79 aged 15-18. For the detection of anti-PT IgG, the human ELISA kit ab108709-Anti-Bordetella pertussis IgG (abcam, United Kingdom) was used. Results: Low seroprevalence of anti-PT IgG was demonstrated (34.7 %). The proportion of children with protective levels of antibodies was statistically higher in the 15-18-year-old group (61.4 % vs 19.3 %) (p=0.00). A lower seroprevalence will be observed in children between 5 and 14 years old. Conclusions: Preliminary evidence of lack of protection against pertussis is obtained that indicates the need to include a booster dose of pertussis vaccination in Cuba. The higher seroprevalence in the 15- to 18-year-old group suggests residual antibodies generated by vaccination or the gain of humoral immunity from natural exposure to B. pertussis. The latter points them out as a reservoir and potential source of spread of the bacteria to vulnerable groups.
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