Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia in a Pedriatric Transplant Recipient
Keywords:
transplant recipient, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, immunodeficiency, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, opportunistic infections.Abstract
Introduction: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is an opportunistic infection, typically severe, that occurs in patients with significant immunosuppression. The diagnosis is established in severely immunocompromised patients who develop pneumonia clinically characterized by significant respiratory distress and hypoxemia, and radiologically by bilateral interstitial lung infiltrates or ground-glass opacities with reticular or nodular patterns.
Development: It is presented the clinical case of an eight-year-old liver transplant recipient who developed severe pneumonia requiring intensive care. The analysis of the tracheal aspirate sample using a qualitative polymerase chain reaction test confirmed the presence of Pneumocystis jirovecii. Given the rarity of this disease and the novelty of this diagnosis in a child in the province of Cienfuegos, the authors decided to share this experience.
Conclusions: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is a severe condition that can be fatal. It leads to respiratory failure with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, and ventilation becomes challenging due to marked reduction in lung compliance and refractory hypoxemia.
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