Screening for anal neoplasia and human papillomavirus in women with high-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions
Keywords:
anal intraepithelial neoplasia, high-grade squamous cervical intraepithelial lesions, high risk human papillomavirus, high-resolution anoscopy, Cuba.Abstract
Introduction: Women with high-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), positive for high oncogenic risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) have a higher risk for developing anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) and anal cancer.
Objective: Determine the frequency of HR-HPV infection and AIN in Cuban women with HSIL; evaluate the clinical performance of diagnostic tests for these anal lesions and the associated variables.
Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study (January 2021 to December 2022) was developed including 102 Cuban women diagnosed with HSIL. Molecular HR-HPV detection and genotyping of cervical and anal samples was achieved. Clinical performance was evaluated for anal cytology and high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) versus histology as the gold standard diagnostic technique.
Results: Concomitant infection in cervix and anus was detected in 63.7% of cases (65/102), of them 66.2% (43/65) were infected with the same genotype in both anatomical sites. HPV 16 was the most prevalent. In general, 82.3% (84/102) of women had abnormal anal cytology and 57.8% (59/102) had histological diagnosis of AIN, with a predominance of high-grade lesions. Anal cytology was highly sensitive (95.56%), and 72.8% (43/59) of the patients were diagnosed correctly, despite its low specificity (28.07%). Viral infection was present in 96% (57/59) of cases with positive anal biopsies.
Conclusions: The results indicate a high probability of anal cancer in women with HSIL and demonstrate the need to establish active screening algorithms for early detection of AIN and molecular testing for HR-HPV.
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