Amebas de vida libre: ¿“Caballos de Troya” o vectores en la diseminación de Helicobacter pylori en los ambientes acuáticos?

Amilcar Duquesne Alderete, Rosabel Falcón Márquez, Luis Enrique Jerez Puebla, Dorita Ginorio Gavito, Elizabeth Sanler Wong, Rafael Llanes Caballero, Isabel Martínez Mota

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Resumen

Introducción: Las amebas de vida libre son microorganismos eucarióticos unicelulares que se encuentran en diferentes ambientes y que interactúan con bacterias, virus y hongos. En los últimos años, llama la atención de la comunidad científica la relación que se establece entre estos parásitos y Helicobacter pylori.

Objetivos: Actualizar el papel de las amebas de vida libre en la diseminación de Helicobacter pylori, y esclarecer la influencia de este fenómeno en la persistencia de la bacteria y en la posible resistencia a los antimicrobianos.

Métodos: Se emplearon varios motores de búsqueda como Google, PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, SciELO, Redalyc, entre otros. Se limitó la búsqueda a los últimos 10 años, aunque también se tuvieron en cuenta algunos estudios antiguos, clásicos sobre el tema.

Conclusiones: La actualización del tema respalda que las amebas de vida libre, en especial Acanthamoeba spp. en los ambientes acuáticos, intervienen como reservorios de H. pylori y actúan como “Caballos de Troya” para la persistencia y la diseminación de esta bacteria, considerada resistente a los antimicrobianos, en especial a la claritromicina, y un agente causal de múltiples enfermedades gastroduodenales, entre ellas el cáncer gástrico. Futuras investigaciones enfocadas en aspectos medulares de la fisiopatología de esta relación entre ambos microorganismos deben proyectarse para un mejor conocimiento y nivel de actuación ante lo que pudiera considerarse un problema serio de salud.


Palabras clave

: Amebas de vida libre; Helicobacter pylori; resistencia antimicrobiana; persistencia bacteriana.

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Copyright (c) 2024 Amilcar Duquesne Alderete, Rosabel Falcón Márquez, Luis Enrique Jerez Puebla, Dorita Ginorio Gavito, Elizabeth Sanler Wong, Rafael Llanes Caballero, Isabel Martínez Mota

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