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Infecciones parasitarias, revisión del tratamiento y la farmacogénetica
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Introducción: Reportes previos a nivel nacional e internacional evidencian alta incidencia de eventos adversos, alteraciones en la biodisponibilidad en sangre y bajo control durante el tratamiento antiparasitario de diversas enfermedades.
Objetivo: Describir aspectos generales relacionados con las infecciones parasitarias, su tratamiento e identificar los polimorfismos genéticos que influyen en la variabilidad interindividual de la respuesta a algunos antiparasitarios.
Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática cualitativa utilizando como criterios de búsqueda: fisiopatología parasitaria, fármacos antiparasitarios, farmacogenética, farmacogenómica, polimorfismos genéticos, absorción, distribución, metabolismo y excreción y técnicas genéticas, encontrando 1032 bibliografías que fueron filtradas hasta 85 por su utilidad y calidad en los últimos 30 años.
Resultados: Se obtuvo información actualizada acerca de las enfermedades parasitarias, su tratamiento y los conceptos relacionados con las disciplinas de Farmacogenética y Farmacogenómica. Los datos muestran las principales características de los polimorfismos genéticos, y ejemplos de las principales variantes polimórficas relacionadas con el uso de estos medicamentos. Diferencias genéticas en los individuos determinan variaciones en las proteínas involucradas con: el transporte o el metabolismo de 16 fármacos lo cual puede modificar la efectividad, seguridad y respuesta antiparasitaria e inmunológica.
Conclusiones: La farmacogenética es importante ya que detalla las variaciones en cada individuo y puede orientar el diseño de tratamientos específicos, maximizar la efectividad, minimizar y prevenir reacciones adversas al medicamento, las fallas terapéuticas y la resistencia; aspecto a tener en cuenta en la política y estrategia del país.
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